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<p>A <b>compactor</b> is a <a href="Machine" title="Machine">machine</a> or mechanism used to reduce the size of material such as <a href="Waste_compaction" title="Waste compaction">waste material</a> or bio mass through <a href="Soil_compaction" title="Soil compaction">compaction</a>. A <b>trash compactor</b> is used in business and public places like hospitals (and in the United States also in homes) to reduce the volume of trash they produce. A baler-wrapper compactor is used for making compact and wrapped bales in order to improve logistics.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Normally powered by <a href="Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">hydraulics</a>, compactors take many shapes and sizes. In <a href="Landfill" title="Landfill">landfill</a> sites for example, a large <a href="Tractor" title="Tractor">tractor</a> (typically a converted <a href="Loader_(equipment)" title="Loader (equipment)">front end loader</a> with some variant of a <a href="Bulldozer" title="Bulldozer">bulldozer blade</a> attached) with spiked steel wheels called a <a href="Waste_compaction" title="Waste compaction">landfill compactor</a> is used to drive over waste deposited by <a href="Waste_collection_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste collection vehicle">waste collection vehicles</a> (WCVs).

</p><p>WCVs themselves incorporate a compacting mechanism which is used to increase the <a href="Cargo" title="Cargo">payload</a> of the vehicle and reduce the number of times it has to empty. This usually takes the form of hydraulically powered sliding plates which sweep out the collection <a href="Chute_(gravity)" title="Chute (gravity)">hopper</a> and compress the material into what has already been loaded.

</p><p>Different compactors are used in <a href="Scrap_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrap metal">scrap metal</a> processing, the most familiar being the <a href="Car_crusher" title="Car crusher">car crusher</a>. Such devices can be of either the "pancake" type, where a scrap <a href="Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> is flattened by a huge descending hydraulically powered plate, or the <a href="Baler#Industrial_packaging" title="Baler">baling</a> press, where the automobile is compressed from several directions until it resembles a large cube

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_use">Commercial use</h2></div>

<p>Many retail and service businesses, such as fast food, restaurants, and hotels, use compactors to reduce the volume of non-recyclable waste as well as curb nuisance such as rodents and smell. In the hospitality industry tolerance for such nuisances is particularly low. These compactors typically come in electric and hydraulic operation, with quite a few loading configurations. Most popular loading configurations fall under the following:

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<ul><li>Ground-access;</li>

<li>Secured indoor chute.</li></ul>

<p>These compactors are almost exclusively of welded steel construction for two reasons: durability under pressure and exposure to the elements, as compactors are installed either completely outdoors or sometimes under a covered loading dock.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agricultural_use">Agricultural use</h2></div>

<p>As a means to preserve and store forage, baler-wrapper compactors are used to exclude oxygen from the forage and wrap it in air tight film. Without access to air the forage is preserved fresh for longer periods of time.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Residential_use">Residential use</h2></div>

<p>In the United States, there are also trash compactors, hydraulic or manual, designed for residential use. Likewise, they reduce the volume of <a href="Waste" title="Waste">garbage</a>. For example, some compactors reduce the volume of <a href="Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a> to 1/30.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipal_use">Municipal use</h2></div>

<p>In the United States, in addition to the waste vehicle and landfill use, there are <a href="Solar-powered_trash_compactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-powered trash compactor">solar-powered trash compactors</a> that can hold the equivalent of 200 gallons of trash before they need to be emptied.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The large compactors in <a href="Garbage_trucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Garbage trucks">garbage trucks</a> can be dangerous for workers, and played a role in the <a href="Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">US Civil Rights Movement</a>. The 1968 <a href="Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation strike</a> took place when two <a href="Waste_collector" title="Waste collector">sanitation workers</a> were crushed to death in garbage compactors, after which 700 of their 1300 black coworkers decided to strike.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recycling_and_energy">Recycling and energy</h2></div>

<p>Baler-wrapper compactors are used for efficient storage and transport of materials like RDF (<a href="Refuse-derived_fuel" title="Refuse-derived fuel">refuse-derived fuel</a>) and bin waste, as well as compost and saw dust, enabling higher rates of recycling.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_industry">Construction industry</h2></div>

<p>In <a href="Construction" title="Construction">construction</a>, there are three main types of compactor: the plate, the rammer, and the <a href="Road_roller" title="Road roller">road roller</a>. The roller type compactors are used for compacting <a href="Crusher" title="Crusher">crushed</a> rock as the base layer underneath concrete or stone foundations or slabs. The plate compactor, vibrating plate, or tamper, has a large <a href="Vibrator_(mechanical)" title="Vibrator (mechanical)">vibrating</a> baseplate and is suited for creating a level grade, while the rammer compactor has a smaller foot. The rammer, or trench rammer, is mainly used to compact the backfill in narrow <a href="Trench" title="Trench">trenches</a> for water or gas supply pipes etc. Road rollers may also have vibrating rollers.

</p><p>In plates and rollers, the vibration is provided by rapidly rotating eccentric masses. In smaller plates, the vibration causes a tendency to move forwards, while some larger plates are provided with a directional control. In the rammer the foot is mounted on a sleeve that slides vertically in the leg. Inside the sleeve, a piston is driven up and down by the engine through a reduction gear, crank and connecting rod. Substantial coil springs above and below the piston connect it to the sliding sleeve. The connection between the sleeve and foot is at a small angle so that the whole rammer leans away from the operator. The vibrating motion is therefore slightly off the vertical, and this gives the rammer a tendency to 'walk' forwards. The sliding joint in the leg is protected by a flexible bellows.

</p><p>In England the name "wacker plate" or just "wacker" is commonly used to refer to plate compactors, derived from the name of <a href="Wacker_Neuson" title="Wacker Neuson">Wacker Neuson</a>, a well-known manufacturer of such devices. The name is pronounced in the English style as <i>whacker,</i> as opposed to the correct German <i>vacker</i>. A rammer is colloquially referred to as "<a href="Irish_people" title="Irish people">Paddy</a>'s Motorbike", due to the traditional resource of Irish construction labourers, and the way that the operator appears to "ride" the hammer holding the handles like a motorcycle.

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<div class="gallerytext">A small plate compactor</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A rammer compactor</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A trench roller operated by remote control for operator safety</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Large roller "sheepsfoot" compactor for use on soil</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patents">Patents</h2></div>

<ul><li><i><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2234098">U.S. patent 2,234,098</a></span></i> — Can crusher and baler — 1941</li>

<li><i><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US7145450">U.S. patent 7,145,450</a></span></i> — Compactor Service & Monitoring System — 2006</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Road_roller" title="Road roller">Road roller</a></li>

<li><a href="Shredding_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Shredding (disambiguation)">Shredding (disambiguation)</a></li>

<li><a href="Soil_compaction" title="Soil compaction">Soil compaction</a></li>

<li><a href="Waste_compaction" title="Waste compaction">Waste compaction</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSales_and_Support2018" class="citation web cs1">Sales and Support (2018-12-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kor-pak.com/compactor-used-construction/">"What is a Compactor and How it is Used in Construction"</a>. <i>kor-pak.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12045048">Solar Compactors Make Mincemeat of Trash</a>, <a href="All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a>, <a href="NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, July 17, 2007</span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/memphis-sanitation-workers-strike">"Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike"</a>, <i>King Encyclopedia</i>, Stanford University, June 2, 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128204325/https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/memphis-sanitation-workers-strike">archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2019</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Compactors" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Compactors">compactors</a></span>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/compactor" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/compactor">compactor</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2005-101/">Preventing Injuries When Working With Ride-On Roller/Compactors</a>, a publication from the U.S. <a href="National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-20" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Compactor&oldid=1286575411">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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